Part 7
Completed

KV Cache

Implemented KV caching for autoregressive transformer inference, reducing complexity from O(n²) to O(n) per token. Optimized cache layout for memory bandwidth, implemented cache eviction strategies, and profiled memory usage across sequence lengths.

What I Built

Implemented KV caching for autoregressive transformer inference, reducing complexity from O(n²) to O(n) per token. Optimized cache layout for memory bandwidth, implemented cache eviction strategies, and profiled memory usage across sequence lengths.

Key Concepts

KV CacheAutoregressive InferenceMemory BandwidthCache LayoutEviction StrategyMemory Profiling

Architecture

1
Key Cache Store
2
Value Cache Store
3
Cache Manager
4
Eviction Policy
5
Memory Profiler

Results

Reduced per-token latency from 45ms to 8ms for 2048-token sequences. Memory footprint scales linearly with sequence length as expected.

Key Learnings

  • KV cache transforms transformer inference from quadratic to linear
  • Memory bandwidth, not compute, is the bottleneck for inference
  • Cache layout (interleaved vs. contiguous) significantly impacts performance

Challenges

  • Managing growing cache memory over long conversations
  • Optimizing cache for batched inference
  • Handling cache invalidation on context switches